我們都知道 suffer 有時可以單用,有時卻要用 suffer from,很多人都分不清 suffer 和 suffer from 有甚麼差別,比如我們應該說 suffer depression 還是 suffer from depression?我們又應該說 suffer huge losses 還是 suffer from huge losses?
想弄清楚 suffer 和 suffer from 的差別,要從定義入手。單說 suffer,即是 suffer 用作 transitive verb,那麼 suffer 的意思是 to experience something bad,重點是 experience(經歷、體驗),隱含的意思是即時性的、突如其來的,例如 She’s suffering a lot of pain(她正承受着巨大的痛苦)。而 suffer 後面加 from 即是 suffer 用作 intransitive verb,那麼 suffer 的意思就是 to be badly affected by something bad,重點是 affected,受影響的通常是維持一段長時間,而且是慢慢受着折磨,例如 She suffered from ill health for most of her life(她大半生都在承受病痛的折磨)。
由此可見,suffer 後面所接的通常是一些即時發作的疾病或損傷,例如 to suffer a stroke(中風)/ a heart attack(心臟病發作)/ brain damage(腦部受損)/ severe injuries(重傷),而 suffer from 後面所接的通常是一些長期病患或難以痊癒的疾病,例如 to suffer from cancer(癌症)/ depression(抑鬱症)/ arthritis(關節炎)/ obesity(肥胖症)/ food allergies(食物過敏)/ eating disorders(飲食失調)/ mental health problems(精神健康問題)。再舉一個例子,如果說「他患有哮喘病」,英文要說 He suffers from asthma,但如果說「他哮喘病發作」,英文就要說 He suffered an asthma attack。
此外,suffer 除了表示承受病痛的折磨,也經常用來指承受一些不好的遭遇,表示這種含義的 suffer 通常用作 transitive verb,後面不用跟 from,例如:
The company has suffered
huge financial losses.(公司經濟損失慘重。)
The party suffered
a humiliating defeat in the last election.(該黨在上次的選舉中遭到慘敗。)
Both sisters suffered
the same fate as their mother.(兩姐妹都遭遇了和母親一樣的命運。)
If you choose to ignore our advice, you’ll have to suffer
the consequences.(如果你選擇不聽從我們的勸告,你就得承擔後果。)
我們常用the losses suffered or incurred by...
回覆刪除謝謝如此詳細的解說
回覆刪除請問afflicted by the symptoms of….和suffer from the symptoms of …都是正確的用法嗎
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