今回想說一說微妙的因果關係。
先看看這兩句:
The
match was cancelled, because it rained all day.
The
match was cancelled because it rained all day.
究竟
because 前面有沒有逗號呢?答案是兩者皆可,任 君選擇,意思都是解作「因整天下雨,球賽取消了」,這只是標點符號(punctuation)的格式問題,不過英語人士似乎傾向不用逗號。
再看看以下兩句:
She
did not marry him, because he moved to the USA.
She
did not marry him because he moved to the USA.
這兩句看來差不多,但嚴格來說,第二句是帶有歧義的。
首先,兩句都可以解作「她沒有和他結婚,因為他移居到美國」,後面 because 帶出的原因是真正的原因。
不過,第二句其實可以有另一個意思,英語人士看了這個否定句的結構,可能會聯想到“not … because”的句型,中文即是「並非因為…才…」,故此第二句有可能解作「她並非因為他移居到美國才和他結婚」,換句話說,她事實上是跟他結婚了,但不是由 because 所說出的原因,真正原因並不知道。或者把句子加長些會更容易明白:
She
did not marry him because he moved to the USA, but because he loved her more
than anyone.(她並非因為他移居到美國才和他結婚,而是因為他比誰都愛她。)