大家自小學英語,最難學的就是動詞,而一學到修飾動詞的時候,老師會教我們用來修飾動詞的叫做副詞,形容詞則是修飾名詞,所以出現在動詞前後的一般都被視為副詞。不過,有時形容詞的確會出現在動詞後面,例如:
Emma got angry.
Slyvia looked sad.
Please keep calm!
若學生提問為何動詞後面可以緊接形容詞,老師可能避免解釋太多語法上的術語,一般只會說這是動詞與形容詞的特別用法,暫時熟記好了,遲早會明白的,然而有多少人後來真的明白這些動詞與形容詞之間究竟是甚麼關係?
要先說明一點,在英語中形容詞出現在動詞後面絕非罕見,雖然具有此用法的動詞並不多,但這類動詞卻很常用,所以必須對這種用法有一定的了解。
這類動詞在語言學中有個學術用語,稱為 copula 或 copular verbs,坊間教科書一般會用另一個通俗的叫法 linking verbs,中文稱作「連繫動詞」,顧名思義,就是具有連繫的作用,由於形容詞不能表達動作的性質,按常理不會與動詞有多大聯繫,但形容詞最大的功能就是修飾名詞,當名詞處於主語(subject)的位置,形容詞自然就處於謂語(predicate)的位置,此時需要一個動詞把名詞和形容詞連接起來,這個動詞正正就是發揮着連繫的作用。英語最基本的動詞 to be,既可連繫形容詞,亦可連繫名詞,例如:
Jeff is honest.
Jeff is an honest man.
以下再舉一些常見的連繫動詞:
Mr Roberts became famous after his first novel.
I feel uncomfortable with
strangers at home.
Lauren grew tired of arguing all the time.
Her behaviour proved too difficult
to understand.
The questions
about the murder remain unanswered.
Keith seemed upset when his Dad came in.
The kitchen smelled (or smelt) stinky.
His explanation sounded strange
to me.
Anthea gave a lecture on how to stay healthy.
The milk turned sour within one day.
Jeff is a honest man.
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Jeff is an honest man.
it should be "an" honest man because the phonics of honest is /ˈɒn.ɪst/. So it means honest begins with a vowel sound. In this case, we would use "an" instead of "a".
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